CASPER
THE FRIENDLY GHOST
SEOUL, South Korea – After a year of tensions, President Barack Obama is sending a veteran diplomat to North Korea on Tuesday for the highest-profile talks between Pyongyang and Washington since he took office pledging to reach out to America's adversaries.
A key question is whether Stephen Bosworth can extract a firm commitment from Pyongyang to rejoin nuclear disarmament talks — whether North Korea is serious, this time, about peace on the peninsula.
Bosworth was scheduled to fly from a U.S. military base near Seoul to the North Korean capital Tuesday to see if the North will return to the international disarmament talks that it abandoned earlier this year.
Neither side has said which North Korean officials Bosworth will meet in Pyongyang during his three-day trip, though he is widely expected to sit down with Kang Sok Ju, the first vice foreign minister, who is considered the chief foreign policy strategist for reclusive leader Kim Jong Il.
"The main question is whether Bosworth will meet with Chairman Kim Jong Il," said Kim Yong-hyun, a professor of North Korean studies at Seoul's Dongguk University. "Such a meeting would demonstrate that both the U.S. and North Korea intend to resolve the nuclear issue."
State Department spokesman Ian Kelly told reporters Monday that Bosworth is seeking a meeting with "appropriate officials," but not with Kim Jong Il.
The State Department has said that the U.S. envoy has a narrow mission — to find out whether the North would return to the stalled disarmament talks — and would be carrying no inducements meant to lure the North back to the negotiating table. While Chinese and North Korean officials have suggested that Pyongyang might be willing to return, U.S. officials maintained that Bosworth did not know what the North would decide.
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton told reporters Monday that she hoped Bosworth would be successful in persuading the North Koreans to return to the nuclear talks and that the North would work for "a new set of relationships with us and with our partners."
This week's talks — the first direct U.S.-North Korean talks since Obama took office in January — come after a year of threatening rhetoric and rising tensions on the Korean peninsula.
The two Koreas remain in a state of war, their border guarded by hundreds of thousands of troops, because their three-year conflict ended in a truce, not a peace treaty, in 1953.
While democratic South Korea strives to become a global player and has the world's 15th largest economy, communist North Korea has retreated into isolation, with dwindling sources of aid in the post-Soviet era and few trading partners.
Pyongyang says it needs nuclear bombs to counter the strong U.S. military presence in South Korea. The impoverished country has also used the atomic threat to finagle aid and other concessions from regional powers wary of the unpredictable neighbor.
Fifteen years ago, Kang, the chief strategist, himself negotiated an agreement with Washington in 1994 to freeze Pyongyang's nuclear facilities in return for two light-water reactors safer for producing electricity.
That pact fell apart in 2002 after then-Assistant U.S. Secretary of State James Kelly said the North Koreans admitted to having a secret uranium enrichment program.
The North denied the charge. Then, it withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and restarted its nuclear facilities, touching off an atomic crisis that led to the creation of broader, six-nation disarmament talks.
The six-nation talks — hosted by China and involving both Koreas, Japan, Russia and the U.S. — yielded a 2005 deal calling on North Korea to abandon its nuclear program in exchange for aid and the other security guarantees.
Months later, however, North Korea launched a long-range missile and conducted its first nuclear test.
A new pact in 2007 promised 1 million tons of energy aid and concessions in exchange for the step-by-step disablement of the North's nuclear reactor.
That process came to a halt in mid-2008 amid squabbling with Washington. Six-party talks in December 2008 yielded no progress.
North Korea followed up with threatening language directed at the U.S. and South Korea, whose president pledged to withhold aid until Pyongyang followed through on its nuclear commitments.
An April rocket launch — seen by many as a cover for a long-range missile test — earned the country U.N. Security Council censure. In anger, North Korea walked away from the disarmament talks, test-fired a series of missiles and conducted a second nuclear test.
The plight of two American journalists sentenced to hard labor after being arrested at the Chinese-North Korean border may have provided an opening for detente. During a surprise humanitarian mission in August to take the Americans home, former U.S. President Bill Clinton met for three hours with a beaming Kim Jong Il.
This week's carefully arranged talks won't break down, but they may not yield immediate results, analysts said.
North Korea has no choice but to rejoin the disarmament process since Washington has made it a condition of the bilateral contact, said Koh Yu-hwan of Seoul's Dongguk University. But he said North Korea likely will push for a U.S. commitment on a peace treaty.
The two sides must put an end to the past enmity, a pro-Pyongyang newspaper said last weekend.
"To guarantee a peace on the peninsula, North Korea and the U.S. — wartime rivals and the main players in the nuclear issue — should first take a procedure of ending hostile relations," it said.
State Department spokesman Kelly said the issue of a peace treaty is "not on our agenda" and the issue should be discussed at the six-party talks.
Analyst Paik Hak-soon of the private Sejong Institute think tank said it was too early to expect a major breakthrough.
"It'll be a preparatory step ahead of full-fledged negotiations. They'll disclose their positions and listen to each other, find and understand what their common interests are and what differences they have," he said.
Bosworth was accompanied to the North by Sung Kim, U.S. special envoy for the North Korean nuclear talks, and by nuclear and Asia specialists from the Defense Department and the White House.
Bosworth is to return to Seoul on Thursday before continuing onto Beijing, Tokyo and Moscow to update the six-party partners before returning to Washington.
A key question is whether Stephen Bosworth can extract a firm commitment from Pyongyang to rejoin nuclear disarmament talks — whether North Korea is serious, this time, about peace on the peninsula.
Bosworth was scheduled to fly from a U.S. military base near Seoul to the North Korean capital Tuesday to see if the North will return to the international disarmament talks that it abandoned earlier this year.
Neither side has said which North Korean officials Bosworth will meet in Pyongyang during his three-day trip, though he is widely expected to sit down with Kang Sok Ju, the first vice foreign minister, who is considered the chief foreign policy strategist for reclusive leader Kim Jong Il.
"The main question is whether Bosworth will meet with Chairman Kim Jong Il," said Kim Yong-hyun, a professor of North Korean studies at Seoul's Dongguk University. "Such a meeting would demonstrate that both the U.S. and North Korea intend to resolve the nuclear issue."
State Department spokesman Ian Kelly told reporters Monday that Bosworth is seeking a meeting with "appropriate officials," but not with Kim Jong Il.
The State Department has said that the U.S. envoy has a narrow mission — to find out whether the North would return to the stalled disarmament talks — and would be carrying no inducements meant to lure the North back to the negotiating table. While Chinese and North Korean officials have suggested that Pyongyang might be willing to return, U.S. officials maintained that Bosworth did not know what the North would decide.
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton told reporters Monday that she hoped Bosworth would be successful in persuading the North Koreans to return to the nuclear talks and that the North would work for "a new set of relationships with us and with our partners."
This week's talks — the first direct U.S.-North Korean talks since Obama took office in January — come after a year of threatening rhetoric and rising tensions on the Korean peninsula.
The two Koreas remain in a state of war, their border guarded by hundreds of thousands of troops, because their three-year conflict ended in a truce, not a peace treaty, in 1953.
While democratic South Korea strives to become a global player and has the world's 15th largest economy, communist North Korea has retreated into isolation, with dwindling sources of aid in the post-Soviet era and few trading partners.
Pyongyang says it needs nuclear bombs to counter the strong U.S. military presence in South Korea. The impoverished country has also used the atomic threat to finagle aid and other concessions from regional powers wary of the unpredictable neighbor.
Fifteen years ago, Kang, the chief strategist, himself negotiated an agreement with Washington in 1994 to freeze Pyongyang's nuclear facilities in return for two light-water reactors safer for producing electricity.
That pact fell apart in 2002 after then-Assistant U.S. Secretary of State James Kelly said the North Koreans admitted to having a secret uranium enrichment program.
The North denied the charge. Then, it withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and restarted its nuclear facilities, touching off an atomic crisis that led to the creation of broader, six-nation disarmament talks.
The six-nation talks — hosted by China and involving both Koreas, Japan, Russia and the U.S. — yielded a 2005 deal calling on North Korea to abandon its nuclear program in exchange for aid and the other security guarantees.
Months later, however, North Korea launched a long-range missile and conducted its first nuclear test.
A new pact in 2007 promised 1 million tons of energy aid and concessions in exchange for the step-by-step disablement of the North's nuclear reactor.
That process came to a halt in mid-2008 amid squabbling with Washington. Six-party talks in December 2008 yielded no progress.
North Korea followed up with threatening language directed at the U.S. and South Korea, whose president pledged to withhold aid until Pyongyang followed through on its nuclear commitments.
An April rocket launch — seen by many as a cover for a long-range missile test — earned the country U.N. Security Council censure. In anger, North Korea walked away from the disarmament talks, test-fired a series of missiles and conducted a second nuclear test.
The plight of two American journalists sentenced to hard labor after being arrested at the Chinese-North Korean border may have provided an opening for detente. During a surprise humanitarian mission in August to take the Americans home, former U.S. President Bill Clinton met for three hours with a beaming Kim Jong Il.
This week's carefully arranged talks won't break down, but they may not yield immediate results, analysts said.
North Korea has no choice but to rejoin the disarmament process since Washington has made it a condition of the bilateral contact, said Koh Yu-hwan of Seoul's Dongguk University. But he said North Korea likely will push for a U.S. commitment on a peace treaty.
The two sides must put an end to the past enmity, a pro-Pyongyang newspaper said last weekend.
"To guarantee a peace on the peninsula, North Korea and the U.S. — wartime rivals and the main players in the nuclear issue — should first take a procedure of ending hostile relations," it said.
State Department spokesman Kelly said the issue of a peace treaty is "not on our agenda" and the issue should be discussed at the six-party talks.
Analyst Paik Hak-soon of the private Sejong Institute think tank said it was too early to expect a major breakthrough.
"It'll be a preparatory step ahead of full-fledged negotiations. They'll disclose their positions and listen to each other, find and understand what their common interests are and what differences they have," he said.
Bosworth was accompanied to the North by Sung Kim, U.S. special envoy for the North Korean nuclear talks, and by nuclear and Asia specialists from the Defense Department and the White House.
Bosworth is to return to Seoul on Thursday before continuing onto Beijing, Tokyo and Moscow to update the six-party partners before returning to Washington.